Hey Golddust,
WALL OF TEXT!
Ill be honest; it doesnt look like enough. Im no pro weight lifter or full on fitness freak so if someone says otherwise i would listen to them, however:
that workout looks really short, you have to build up a sweat (warm up exercises)
I normally do my cardio first to get the blood pumping
11 mins on running machine [2min 6kmh, 9min 10kmh, 2min 12kmh]
10 mins on cross trainer (level 12 i think)
8 mins on a bike (level 6 i think)
that is before i touch any weights, it is quite long for a warmup so use a search engine and type: light cardio before lifting weights
that wont be as long a warm up but will still be good.
also you need to split your workout days:
Back and Abs
Tricep and chest
Bicep and shoulder
this way you rest the muscles that you just used for 2 further sessions so regardless of if you train everyday/other day, you have a rest before you start those muscle groups again.
ok, back to your routine;
its not enough for each muscle group. if you switch to a certain muscle group each session you need to add lets say 1 more routine (so 4 that use all the same muscle group)
so shoulders:
dumbell shrugs: 16kg (if you can do more then great)
3 sets of 12 (30 sec break inbetween each set)
Lateral raises:
5kg 3 sets of 12 (30 sec break inbetween each set)
shoulder press machine:
10kg (more if you can)
3 sets of 12 (30 sec break inbetween each set)
front raises:
5kg 3 sets of 12 (30 sec break inbetween each set)
im not going to go into all the others but stick 4 bicep routines in here too for the same day and you can then go: back,bicep,back,bicep,back,bicep,back,bicep so you get a short break while switching (you can just have 3 of each type to start out if you like, 6 per session)
if you have a smartphone look for an application that may help you find new exercises with the equipment available to you, i wont suggest one as it may break forum rules.
now onto the diet:
I dont diet, at all. i eat junk food and whatever i want, i would say at this stage you shouldnt worry about it as much, but:
the protein shakes, if you take it after a workout, the proteins will concentrate on "repair" not building mass.
if you take it before (an hour or two) it means the proteins are there while you workout (i dont like to take it 10 mins before incase i spew during workout

) so build mass.
so in conclusion, the two main things you need to do:
you need to warmup first
you need to get more exercises for the muscle groups, separate them into 3 sessions so you are hurting afterwards.
the other points are useful but if you make too much change at once its not a good thing.
REMEMBER: Its about technique more than anything at early stage, make sure you are doing them in full, pulling up half the way and stopping is no good, drop the weight so you can do them technically correct is more important.
ALSO: breathing is super important, inhale on the lift/action and exhale on the lowering (the muscles need the oxygen).
give it a go for 2 weeks (at least 2 full cycles of muscle groups) and see what you think.