Yeah, you clearly didn't do it right. Over text chat, people can't feel your sarcasm. If you are going to use something like the we-can't-be-friends line over text always articulate in a way so it is OBVIOUS it is a joke. For example: "you like that band? we're never going to get along
" or "omg, you don't eat tomatoes. we obviously can't be friends." And quickly keep chatting. Don't re-state that you can't be friends a second time and then don't respond...It seems like she got defensive and shut down. That said, you obviously want some advice. Here's what I would recommend. I would probably just re-initiate chat like nothing every happened. Start with something fun and relevant. Not just "hey...what's happening...*yawn*" Something more like "hey, been meaning to ask you, did you see X at the Y event? what did you think of that guy?" And if she says something like "i thought we couldn't be friends" then you just respond "oh I was totally joking, then I got a weird phone call (or fell asleep at my keyboard), sorry about that...anyways..."
Whatever you do, don't explain yourself. Don't apologize in any meaningful way. Don't show regrets. If it comes up, make a quick comment and deflect into a fun conversation.